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Hypogeomys australis : ウィキペディア英語版 | Hypogeomys australis
''Hypogeomys australis'' is an extinct rodent from central and southeastern Madagascar. First described in 1903, it is larger than its close relative, the living ''Hypogeomys antimena'', which occurs further west, but otherwise similar. Average length of the femur (upper leg bone) is 72.1 mm, compared to 63.8 mm in ''H. antimena''. One of the few extinct rodents of Madagascar, it survived to at least around 1536 BP based on radiocarbon dating. Little is known of its ecology, but it may have lived in burrows like its living relative and eaten some arid-adapted plants. ==Taxonomy== ''Hypogeomys australis'' was described in 1903 by Guillaume Grandidier from subfossil material collected in the cave of Andrahomana〔Grandidier, 1902, p. 13〕 in southeastern Madagascar.〔Goodman and Rakotondravony, 1996, fig. 1〕 The ''Hypogeomys'' material was similar to the living ''Hypogeomys antimena'', but distinct enough for Grandidier to recognize it as a separate species, different in size and some morphological details.〔Grandidier, 1902, pp. 13–14〕 Grandidier described another subfossil ''Hypogeomys'' species in 1912, ''H. boulei'', but the material that species was based on was later identified as the enigmatic mammal ''Plesiorycteropus''.〔MacPhee, 1994, p. 33〕 In 1946, Charles Lamberton illustrated another femur (upper leg bone) of ''H. australis''; the origin and current whereabouts of this specimen are unknown.〔Goodman and Rakotondravony, 1996, p. 285〕 In 1996, Steven Goodman and Daniel Rakotondravony reviewed the distribution of ''Hypogeomys'' and confirmed that ''H. australis'' is a distinct species.〔Goodman and Rakotondravony, 1996, p. 286〕 ''H. australis'' and ''H. antimena'' are classified together within the exclusively Madagascan subfamily Nesomyinae of the family Nesomyidae, which includes various African rodents.〔Musser and Carleton, 2005, pp. 930, 947, 951〕
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